Breathing emergencies, or respiratory distress, occur when someone has difficulty breathing, cannot breathe properly, or stops breathing entirely (respiratory arrest). For nursing students and healthcare providers, recognizing and managing these situations is critical because lack of oxygen can quickly lead to brain damage. On average, brain cells begin to deteriorate within 4-6 minutes of oxygen deprivation—every second counts during a breathing emergency.
Common Causes of Breathing Emergencies:
Hyperventilation
Asthma
Allergic Reactions (Anaphylaxis)
Chest Injuries
Anxiety or Emotional Distress
What is Hyperventilation?
Hyperventilation occurs when there is an imbalance between oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. Common triggers include:
Emotional Factors: Fear, anxiety, or excitement
Medical Conditions: Asthma, head/brain injuries, severe bleeding, or intense pain
Physical Activity: Overexertion during exercise
Signs and Symptoms of Breathing Difficulty:
Rapid, shallow breaths
A feeling of suffocation or inability to get enough air
Anxiety, fear, or confusion
Numbness, dizziness, or tingling in the fingers or toes
How to Help During a Breathing Emergency:
Ensure Scene Safety: Make sure the environment is safe for you to assist the victim. Always prioritize your own safety first.
Call 911 Immediately: If there are signs of injuries or underlying medical conditions, call emergency services or have a bystander assist while you provide care.
Don’t Waste Time! Help the victim find a position of comfort and encourage slow, steady breathing. Assist with medications if they have a prescribed inhaler or other treatment for their condition. For hyperventilation, providing comfort and reassurance can help slow breathing.
Perform a Secondary Survey: Assess for other injuries or non-life-threatening conditions while waiting for emergency responders.
If the Situation Worsens: If you’re alone and the victim loses consciousness or breathing difficulties persist, call 911 yourself, get an AED if available, and return to provide care until help arrives.
Prevention Tips for Breathing Emergencies:
Certain individuals may be more prone to hyperventilation due to anxiety, panic disorders, or physical exertion. Encourage these individuals to practice relaxation techniques and controlled breathing exercises to reduce the risk of hyperventilation.
Remember:
Protect Yourself!
Call 911!
Don’t Waste Time!
Proper training and knowledge can save lives during a breathing emergency. Be prepared by learning first aid techniques and CPR. Gain the skills and confidence you need to respond effectively—enroll in a First Aid and Safety Training course at Saving Grace Medical Academy in Edmonton today!
Disclaimer: This material is intended for informational purposes only and is based on guidelines from the Canadian Red Cross, Alberta Heart & Stroke Foundation, and Alberta Health Services. It should not replace professional medical advice or training. Consult with your physician or local safety training facility for more information.
RESOURCES:
Author - Saving Grace Medical Academy Ltd
Jason T
Retired EMT - Heart & Stroke Foundation Senior Instructor