Burns can be caused by chemicals, electricity, heat, or radiation. In this section, we’ll focus on burns caused by different energy sources to help you understand how these burns occur and how they can be treated. Understanding the science behind these burns will make it easier to grasp the necessary treatment protocols.
Chemical Burns: Wet or Dry
With the vast number of chemicals in our environment, it’s crucial to understand the nature of chemical reactions. Many chemicals react with catalysts like other substances or fluids, creating burns that may continue until the chemical is neutralized or removed. Always refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) and follow guidance from emergency response professionals.
Electrical Burns
Electrical burns are particularly dangerous because electricity disrupts the body’s natural electrical functions, such as heart rhythm. Electrical burns always have an entry and exit point along the path of least resistance, causing potential internal damage. Never approach someone being electrocuted—your body could act as a conductor, putting you at risk. Always consult with emergency services for appropriate treatment.
Radiation Burns
Sources of radiation, such as the sun, X-rays, and radioactive materials, can cause severe burns and long-term damage. If exposed to a radiation source, call 911 immediately and follow safety protocols. Never approach radiation sources without proper training and protective equipment.
Prevention Tips
Chemical Burns:
Store chemicals in original containers.
Wear protective gear when handling chemicals.
Wash hands after contact with chemicals.
Get trained in WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) or GHS (Globally Harmonized System).
Always read labels before using chemical products.
Electrical Burns:
Keep electrical appliances away from water.
Repair or discard frayed electrical cords.
Cover electrical outlets if you have young children.
Lightning Strikes:
Get out of water immediately during a storm.
Seek shelter indoors or in a car with windows rolled up.
Avoid using cell phones, farm equipment, metal vehicles, and other conductors during a storm.
How to Treat a Burn: Chemical, Electrical & Radiation
Check the Area: Ensure the area is safe. Check the person’s airway, breathing, and circulation (ABC's). Wear gloves if available.
Call 911: Especially if the burn covers more than 10% of the body, involves charring, or was caused by a chemical, electrical, or radiation source.
Care for the Burn:
Cool the affected area with running water for at least 10-20 minutes. For chemical burns, brush away any excess powder before washing. Remove contaminated clothing carefully.
For 2nd & 3rd-degree burns, cool only a small area at a time to avoid shock. If the burn covers less than 10% of the body, use cool, moist, sterile dressings if water is not an option.
Do not attempt to clean full-thickness burns.
After cooling, cover the burn loosely with sterile dressing and seek medical attention.
Special Notes
Electrical Burns: Look for both entry and exit wounds and treat the person as if they may have a head or spine injury.
Chemical Burns: Always flush the area with cool, running water and refer to the MSDS for specific instructions.
Radiation Burns: Never approach a radiation source. If exposed, seek immediate medical attention.
Being prepared with the right knowledge can make all the difference in an emergency. Always prioritize safety and consult professionals when necessary.
“This material is for informational purposes only and is sourced from The Canadian Red Cross, Alberta Heart & Stroke Foundation, and Alberta Health Services. It should not replace professional medical advice or training. For further questions, consult your physician or a certified safety training facility.”
RESOURCES:
Author - Saving Grace Medical Academy Ltd
Jason T
Retired EMT - Heart & Stroke Foundation Senior Instructor