Continuing Eating Disorder Awareness Month
February is Eating Disorder Awareness Month, a time to shed light on the silent struggles millions face and provide education on how we can support those affected. In our previous post, we introduced the significance of this month—now, let’s take a closer look at two of the most prevalent eating disorders: Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa.
Anorexia Nervosa
Anorexia Nervosa is a serious mental health disorder characterized by self-starvation, an intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted body image. Individuals with anorexia often see themselves as overweight, even when they are dangerously underweight.
Symptoms:
Extreme food restriction or avoidance of entire food groups
Severe weight loss and malnutrition
Intense fear of gaining weight
Body dysmorphia (distorted perception of body size/shape)
Obsession with calorie counting, dieting, or excessive exercise
Amenorrhea (loss of menstruation in women)
Fatigue, dizziness, and fainting
Side Effects:
Weakened immune system, making infections more likely
Heart complications such as bradycardia (slow heart rate) and arrhythmias
Osteoporosis and weakened bones
Organ failure in severe cases
Depression, anxiety, and social withdrawal
Bulimia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa involves cycles of binge eating (consuming large quantities of food in a short period) followed by purging behaviors, such as self-induced vomiting, excessive exercise, fasting, or misuse of laxatives/diuretics. Unlike anorexia, individuals with bulimia may maintain a normal weight, making it harder to detect.
Symptoms:
Binge eating episodes, often in secret
Purging behaviors like vomiting, fasting, or excessive exercise
Fear of weight gain despite normal or fluctuating weight
Chronic sore throat and dental issues (due to stomach acid from vomiting)
Swollen salivary glands (puffy cheeks)
Electrolyte imbalances, leading to dehydration and heart problems
Side Effects:
Erosion of tooth enamel and gum disease
Severe dehydration and kidney issues
Gastrointestinal damage, including esophageal tears
Increased risk of heart attack and stroke
Mental health struggles, including guilt, depression, and anxiety
How Can Nursing Students Help?
As future healthcare providers, nursing students play a vital role in early detection, intervention, and compassionate care for individuals struggling with eating disorders. Here’s how:
Recognizing the Signs – Patients may not always disclose their struggles. Look for physical signs (extreme weight changes, dental erosion, brittle nails, hair loss) and behavioral indicators (food avoidance, obsessive exercise, mood swings).
Providing Non-Judgmental Support – Eating disorders are mental health conditions, not choices. Approach patients with empathy, listen to their concerns, and avoid making comments about weight or food choices.
Educating Patients & Families – Many people do not understand the severity of eating disorders. Educate patients and their families about the risks, encourage professional treatment, and provide resources for support groups or therapy.
Encouraging Professional Help – Eating disorders require multidisciplinary treatment, including nutritionists, therapists, and medical professionals. Nurses can help facilitate referrals to the right specialists.
Monitoring Health Risks – Electrolyte imbalances, malnutrition, and cardiac issues are life-threatening. Nursing students should be aware of the medical complications and be ready to intervene in emergencies.
Promoting a Healthy Relationship with Food – While medical intervention is essential, preventative care is equally important. Encouraging body positivity, balanced nutrition, and mental health awareness can make a long-term impact.
Final Thoughts
Anorexia and Bulimia are not simply about food—they are complex mental health conditions that require understanding, patience, and proper care. This Eating Disorder Awareness Month, let’s work together to break the stigma, offer support, and empower future healthcare professionals to make a difference in the lives of those affected.
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This material is for informational purposes only, derived from resources provided by The Canadian Red Cross, Alberta Heart & Stroke Foundation, and Alberta Health Services. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, training, or treatment. Consult your local physician or safety training facility for further guidance.
RESOURCES:
Author - Saving Grace Medical Academy Ltd
Jason T
Retired EMT - Heart & Stroke Foundation Senior Instructor