Understanding Epilepsy: Key Facts for Nursing Students
- Jason T
- Mar 11
- 4 min read
Updated: Mar 22
Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. As future healthcare professionals, nursing students must grasp the fundamental aspects of epilepsy to provide effective care and support to affected individuals. Here are essential facts to enhance your understanding:
Epilepsy Prevalence and Demographics
Global Impact: Epilepsy affects approximately 50 million people worldwide, making it one of the most common neurological disorders.
Age Distribution: While epilepsy can develop at any age, its onset is most frequent in children and older adults.
Causes and Risk Factors
Diverse Etiologies: Epilepsy can result from various factors, including genetic predisposition, head trauma, stroke, infections, and developmental abnormalities.
Genetic Factors: Certain types of epilepsy have a hereditary component, indicating that genetics can play a significant role in its development.
Epilepsy Diagnosis and Classification
Diagnostic Tools: Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history, neurological examination, and supportive tests such as electroencephalograms (EEGs) and imaging studies.
Seizure Types: Seizures are categorized mainly into focal (originating in one part of the brain) and generalized (involving both hemispheres).
Treatment and Management
Medication: Anti-seizure medications are the primary treatment, effectively controlling seizures in about 70% of cases.
Alternative Therapies: For drug-resistant epilepsy, options like surgery, neurostimulation, or dietary therapies (e.g., ketogenic diet) may be considered.
Complications and Mortality
Increased Mortality Risk: Individuals with epilepsy have a higher risk of premature death compared to the general population, with sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) being a significant concern.
Associated Conditions: Epilepsy can co-occur with other neurological and psychiatric conditions, such as depression and anxiety, necessitating comprehensive care approaches.
Social and Psychological Aspects
Stigma and Quality of Life: People with epilepsy often face social stigma, which can impact their quality of life and mental health.
Educational and Occupational Challenges: Epilepsy can affect educational attainment and employment opportunities, highlighting the need for supportive services and accommodations.
Role of Nursing Professionals
Patient Education: Nurses play a crucial role in educating patients and families about seizure management, medication adherence, and lifestyle modifications.
Emergency Response: Proficiency in seizure first aid and emergency protocols is essential for ensuring patient safety during seizure episodes.
Advocacy: Nurses can advocate for patients by promoting awareness, reducing stigma, and supporting policies that improve access to care and resources.
Epilepsy Facts
You Can’t Swallow Your Tongue – It’s physically impossible to swallow your tongue during a seizure.
Do Not Force Anything in the Mouth – Trying to insert objects can cause injury.
Do Not Restrain Someone – Seizures usually end on their own within minutes.
Seizure First Aid: Stay. Safe. Side. – Stay with them, keep them safe, turn them on their side if unconscious, and call 911 if necessary.
Epilepsy Is Not Contagious – It’s a neurological disorder, not an infectious disease.
Anyone Can Develop Epilepsy – It can begin at any age, often due to other health issues like stroke or brain injury.
Most People with Epilepsy Can Live Normal Lives – They can work, drive (if controlled), and engage in daily activities.
They Can Handle Responsibility and Stress – People with epilepsy work in all professions, but some jobs may require accommodations.
Treatment Is Not One-Size-Fits-All – Medication, diet, or surgery may help, but at least 1 million people in the U.S. have uncontrolled epilepsy.
Epilepsy Is Common – 1 in 26 people will develop epilepsy in their lifetime.
Seizures Look Different for Everyone – They vary in type and intensity, but usually follow a pattern for each person.
Epilepsy Can Cause Early Death – SUDEP (Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy) and prolonged seizures are risks, but proper management can help.
This quick list makes it easy for nursing students to grasp key facts at a glance!
By understanding these key aspects of epilepsy, nursing students can contribute significantly to the care and support of individuals living with this condition, ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
This material is for informational purposes only, derived from resources provided by The Canadian Red Cross, Alberta Heart & Stroke Foundation, and Alberta Health Services. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, training, or treatment. Consult your local physician or safety training facility for further guidance.
RESOURCES:
Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support - Heart & Stroke Foundation
Basic Life Support BLS- CPR Course 09:00am | Saving Grace Medical
Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support Course | Saving Grace Medical
March 2025 is Epilepsy Awareness Month – Edmonton Epilepsy Association
Kaye Edmonton Clinic - Epilepsy Clinic | Alberta Health Services
Innovations in Epilepsy - Alberta Children's Hospital Foundation
Author - Saving Grace Medical Academy Ltd
Jason T
Retired EMT - Heart & Stroke Foundation Senior Instructor