For the second part of our Wound Care series, let’s focus on one of the most common injuries: cuts and scrapes. These minor wounds occur frequently, whether from a paper cut, road rash, or a bread knife mishap. Knowing how to handle these injuries effectively can make a significant difference in preventing complications.
What Are Cuts and Scrapes?
Cut: A wound where the skin has been split open or torn away, resulting in either jagged or smooth edges.
Scrape: A wound where the skin has been rubbed or scraped away, often caused by abrasive contact.
Common Causes - Wound Care
Using dull knives or improper cutting techniques.
Falling or impacting an abrasive surface.
Contact with dull, abrasive, or sharp objects that rub or scrape the skin away with sufficient force.
Signs to Look For
Skin peeled away.
Visible bleeding.
Pain and tenderness.
Swelling or raised areas with broken skin.
How to Help
Assess the Situation:
Ensure the area is safe.
Check the person’s ABCs: Airway, Breathing, and Circulation.
Call for Help if Needed:
Dial 911 if the injury appears severe.
Provide Care for Cuts or Scrapes:
Glove Up: Wear gloves to protect yourself from bodily fluids.
Clean the Wound: Wound care 101 - Wash with soap and cool, clean water. Rinse for up to five minutes under running water to reduce infection risk and control bleeding.
Stop the Bleeding:
Apply direct pressure to the wound until bleeding stops.
If blood soaks through the dressing, add more dressings on top without removing the soaked ones, as they aid in clotting.
Seek medical attention if bleeding persists.
Apply Antibiotic Ointment:
Use ointments after bleeding has stopped, following a pharmacist’s guidance and checking the "5 Rights of Medication."
Always ask about allergies or sensitivities to antibiotics like penicillin before application.
Cover the Wound:
Use a non-stick sterile dressing or bandage.
Monitor for Infection:
Watch for redness, swelling, warmth, or pus, which may indicate infection.
Seek Additional Care for Contaminated Wounds:
If dirt or debris remains in the wound, professional medical attention may be required to avoid infection.
When Stitches Are Needed
A trained medical professional should assess and stitch wounds as soon as possible, ideally within one hour (“Golden Hour Rule”). Stitches promote faster healing, lower infection risk, and reduce scarring. Stitches may be necessary if:
The wound is more than 2.5 cm (1 inch) long.
Edges of the wound do not naturally fall together.
The wound is located near a joint, hand, foot, or face.
Be Prepared
Accidents happen unexpectedly, but having first aid knowledge empowers you to provide immediate care. Protect yourself, act quickly, and seek help when necessary.
This material is for informational purposes only, based on guidelines from The Canadian Red Cross, Alberta Heart & Stroke Foundation, and Alberta Health Services. It is not a substitute for medical advice or professional training. Consult your local physician or safety training facility for further assistance.
RESOURCES:
Author - Saving Grace Medical Academy Ltd
Jason T
Retired EMT - Heart & Stroke Foundation Senior Instructor